PNAS 17(50):21925–21930īrown K (2005) Addressing trade offs in forest landscape restoration. Restor Ecol 15(3):482–493īirch JC, Newton AC, Aquino CA, Cantarello E, Echeverria C, Kitzberger T, Schiappacasse I, Tejedor Garavito N (2010) Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration evaluated by spatial analysis of ecosystem services. Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Valenciaīernhard ES, Sudduth EB, Palmer MA, Allan D, Meyer JL, Follastad-Shah J, Hassett B, Jenkinson R, Lave R, Rumps J, Pagano L (2007) Restoring rivers one reach at a time: results from a survey of US river restoration practitioners. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 7(4):323–337īautista S, Aronson J, Vallejo R (2009) Land restoration to combat desertification innovative approaches. ![]() Restor Ecol 19(6):690–695Īsquith NM, Vargas Ríos MT, Smith J (2002) Can forest-protection carbon projects improve rural livelihoods? Analysis of the Noel Kempff Mercado climate action project, Bolivia. Restor Ecol 19(6):683–689Īronson J, Brancalion PHS, Durigan G, Rodrigues RR, Engel VL, Tabarelli M, Torezan JMD, Gandolfi S, de Melo ACG, Kageyama PY, Marques MCM, Nave AG, Martins SV, Gandara FB, Reis A, Barbosa LM, Scarano FR (2011) What role should government regulation play in ecological restoration? Ongoing Debate in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. We conclude that forest restoration within landscapes is a challenging yet important proposition that has a real but undervalued place in environmental conservation in the twenty-first century.Īlexander S, Nelson CR, Aronson J, Lamb D, Cliquet A, Erwin KL, Finlayson C-M, de Groot RS, Harris JA, Higgs ES, Hobbs RJ, Robin Lewis RR III, Martinez D, Murcia C (2011) Opportunities and challenges for ecological restoration within REDD+. Our review highlights that monitoring impact within landscape-scale forest restoration remains inadequate. We identify the need for long-term commitment and funding, and a concerted and collaborative effort for successful forest landscape restoration. ![]() These lessons are presented using a stepwise approach to the restoration of forested landscapes. We use this review of the WWF’s experiences and compare and contrast it with other relevant and recent literature to highlight 11 important lessons for future large-scale forest restoration interventions. A significant body of knowledge has emerged from the work of the WWF and its partners in the different countries, which can be of use to the wider conservation community, but for this to happen, lessons need to be systematically collected and disseminated in a coherent manner to the broader conservation and development communities and, importantly, to policy makers. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the global conservation organization, recently took stock of its 10 years of implementation of forest landscape restoration. However, implementation remains a challenge poor monitoring and lesson learning lead to similar mistakes being repeated. In 2022, the world lost 4.1 million hectares of tropical primary rainforests - areas of critical importance areas of critical importance for livelihoods, carbon storage and biodiversity - equivalent to a rate of 11 football pitches a minute.Forest restoration at large scales, or landscapes, is an approach that is increasingly relevant to the practice of environmental conservation. The expansion of agriculture, mining, timber extraction and other unsustainable practices is destroying and degrading forests and other ecosystems around the world.ĭata reveals 7% of tropical primary rainforest has been lost just since the turn of the century. ![]() And when left standing, forests play a critical role in the fight against climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.īut forests and other natural landscapes like wetlands, peatlands and savannahs - and their ability to provide vast benefits to people, nature and climate - are under threat. They provide a home to 70 million Indigenous People and harbor the most biodiversity on the planet. They moderate freshwater flows, clean the air and influence regional precipitation. Forests provide food, medicines, wood, fiber and employment.
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![]() I didn't calculate the probabilities of royal marriages because they are identical to the "Pinochles" row. ![]() To decide what to look for in the hand I used this double pinochle scoring chart. 1,000,000 hands took a few minutes to simulate. The script I used is here in case anyone wants to modify it. Rather than calculate the exact probabilities (as the C program linked to in the question does), I simulated 1,000,000 deals and counted the number of each type of meld in the hand. Note that if someone is dealt a hand containing exactly one of each of the 20 cards this would be counted as a single run in the above table, because it contains no double runs or better. ATKQJATKQJ in a single suit), 52% chance it will contain no runs, and 48% chance that it will contain a single run, but no double runs. ![]() Taking the first row as an example - there is roughly no chance a hand will contain four or three runs in a single suit, 0.1% chance it will have a double run in a suit (i.e. To understand the table - in each row the probabilities add up to 1. These results are probably only accurate to one or two significant figures. The winner of the trick leads the next trick.The odds of a given player being dealt hands with those melds in them are roughly as follows: | MELD TYPE | NONE | SINGLE | DOUBLE | TRIPLE | QUAD | If there are two or more identical cards played to the trick, the first card played to the trick wins. If there is no trump, then the highest card of the lead suit wins the trick. The person who won the bid leads the first trick. Partners should add the total of their melds and mark them on a score sheet. For example, a King and two Queens do not count as two Marriages. However, the same card cannot be used in more than one meld of the same type. For example, a Queen of Spades can be used in a Marriage, a Pinochle, and a Set of Queens. You can count the same card in melds of different types. Once the trump suit is called, players lay their melds face-up on the table. If the bidder does not have a Marriage, the hand cannot be played and the bidder loses the amount of his or her bid. The bidder must hold at least a Marriage in his or her hand in order to call that particular suit. The winner of the bid announces the trump suit. The winner of the bid gets to call the trump suit and lead the first trick. The bidding continues until three players have passed. When you pass you cannot re-enter the bidding on a later turn. If the first three players pass, the dealer must bid 50. Each bid must be higher than the previous bid. Bids over 60 should be made in multiples of 5. Each subsequent bid-until you reach 60 (or in 10s until you reach 600)-can be made in increments of one. The minimum bid is 50 (some people start the bidding at 500), so the first bidder must bid that amount or higher. Also remember: your partner will most likely have something to meld to add to your points system! There are 50 points available during play so you can take many of those points into account when you bid. Because you have a strong trump suit you are likely to win many of the points on the play. If you had a Royal Marriage and a Run, you have a meld of eight points. If you pass, you may not re-enter the bidding. You can make a bid, announce a meld, or pass. The goal is to achieve a score of 500 or more points. You score points by declaring and melding, and by winning Aces, 10s, and Kings during tricks. Whoever wins the bid gets to choose the trump suit and leads the first trick. Players bid the number of points that their team will attempt to win. Each player should wind up with 20 cards. When your partner leads a winning card (such as an Ace of trumps) throw off a high card-such as a 10-to ensure your team the most points!Īll cards are dealt out to each player-at least four cards at a time. ![]() The progress will be displayed on both devices.
![]() It amazes me how this app can squeeze in so many features, yet still retain a smaller footprint than Adobe. Nuance PDF Reader is the lightweight PDF reader, for the Windows platform, with an abundance of features. The company that created SlimPDF also offers an inexpensive PDF Creator tool called Sonic PDF Creator, which retails for $49.95. For anyone that is looking to replace Adobe Reader with a lightning fast application that uses little in the way of resources, SlimPDF is the tool. SlimPDF also offers a plugin (not free) to enable the conversion of PDFs to. SlimPDF is one of the lightest of the lightweight (coming in at only 1.43 MB) readers for the Windows platform. Very much along the lines of Evince, Sumatra keeps things fast and easy by keeping them simple. Sumatra features: Read PDFs and ebooks (ePub and MOBI), tiny footprint, and portable. Sumatra is also an open source project, so you can not only download the installation files, you can download the source as well. Sumatra is another free PDF alternative for the Windows platform. What more do you need from a PDF viewer? How about speed? Evince is one of the fastest viewers you’ll find on the market. Evince feature-list is short, but useful: View PDFs, view thumbnails, search, view document indexes, print documents, and encrypted document viewing. With this simple viewer PDF, Postscript, djvu, tiff, dvi, XPS, SyncTex (support with gedit), and comics books (cbr,cbz,cb7 and cbt) can be viewed. It’s incredibly lightweight and allows the user to view multiple types of documents. EvinceĮvince is the GNOME default PDF viewer. Foxit Reader also provides integration with Docusign to enable users to send, receive, and save documents using the industry standard security platform. With the collaboration feature you can add annotations to PDFs, fill out PDF forms, and share information with social networks. Foxit Reader also includes the ability to collaborate with other users on PDF documents. It’s fast, lightweight, has tons of features, and it is free. Foxit Readerįoxit Reader is, hands down, one of the best alternative PDF viewers for the Windows platform. I have come up with what I believe are the five best small footprint PDF viewers that you can use to easily replace Adobe Reader. This blog post is also available as a TechRepublic Photo Gallery. To that end, why not use a more lightweight viewer for PDF documents? They exist and many of them are quite good. It’s bulky, slow, and is known to cause issues. However, in many instances, that solution is far and away from the best. When it comes to viewing those documents, most users believe there to be only one solution – Adobe Reader. So PDFs are a no-brainer for businesses looking for a professional-looking document. Not only are they a more universal solution to creating well-designed documents, they can also be interactive and secure. The Portable Document Format (PDF) is one of the most oft-used document types in business. Jack Wallen shares his choice of the five best small footprint PDF viewers that can easily replace Adobe Reader. ![]()
Dotted Delay: Another delay, this one has a bit more of a staccato effect to it.It’s an ever-increasing effect based on the Shepard Tone concept Barber Pole: This effect is great for builds – it applies a effect that colors the audio to seem to continuously build (or fall, if turned left).Flanger: It seems to apply a 4-beat flanger, filtering the audio as turned.Time Gater: As you turn this knob, it gates the track in time with the BPM and filters the audio.Noise: Applies a light white noise to the audio – higher pitched to the left, lower to the right.Dual Delay: Applies a “two pulse” delay to the audio and filters as turned.Reverb: Increasing reverb resonance and filtering as it is turned.These FX are post fader and post-EQ – but importantly, take the place of the filter effect unit – just like on a DJM mixer. Turn them to the left, and they (usually) cut the highs and apply the effect to the lower frequencies, with the intensity of the effect increasing the further the knob is turned. They’re all “dual-pole” effects, which means similar to Pioneer DJ’s Color FX on DJM mixers, they have two different ranges to them – meaning usually they’re off at 12 o’clock (center). All About Traktor Pro 3’s Mixer FX:Īt launch, there are nine different Mixer FX in Traktor Pro 3. Purchase the new update here on NI’s site – you can also download a demo version (works for 30 minutes) to test it out. Worth noting that with Traktor Pro 2, users got 8 years worth of free updates, including some big performance and feature additions. If you get a Kontrol S4 MK3 or Kontrol S2 MK2, the software is included. For current Traktor Pro 2 users, it is a $49 upgrade. Here’s the important thing to remember: Traktor Pro 3 is a paid upgrade. Keep reading to learn more about the software’s launch. In this article, we’ve rounded up some of the notable changes we’ve seen so far in the software since it kicked off. ![]() The brand new version of Traktor Pro 3 has just launched to the world, available for updating now. ![]() Wondershare Uniconverter doesn’t give an idea of the number of frames per second it’s converting, but the time taken was on a par with other GPU-enabled rippers such as WinX DVD Ripper Platinum. The more powerful your GPU, the more assistance it’s going to be able to give to the process, and on our gaming tower PC with an Nvidia 10-series GPU the ripping process positively flew past. ![]() There is a list of supported GPUs on the Wondershare website, but it’s a pretty comprehensive list stretching back to the integrated Intel HD Graphics 2000 from 2012’s Ivy Bridge line of Intel CPUs. It doesn’t matter if you are using the built-in graphics chip in Intel or AMD’s CPUs, or have a hulking great discrete graphics card meant for gaming (both Nvidia and AMD are supported), the program can make use of it. Wondershare Uniconverter is a GPU-accelerated DVD ripper, meaning it makes use of your PC’s graphics processor to speed up the process of creating the output file. (Image credit: Wondershare) Wondershare Uniconverter review: Speed It's more feature-packed than our top pick, WinX DVD Ripper Platinum, but less easy to use. Luckily, there are enough pop-up tooltips that you’re not clicking around completely in the dark, and you have to commit to your changes before the rip takes place, so you’re never in danger of ruining a perfectly good completed conversion. What all this means is that, while Uniconverter can be straightforward to use as a basic DVD Ripper, it rapidly increases in complexity when you start clicking at the small icons underneath the preview windows generated of the titles you’re about to rip. If you want to adjust the brightness and contrast, or apply a filter, to the final result, then you can do that too. If you’d rather spend some time considering exactly how large you need the output file, then you have that option. If you want to just get the disk in the drive, have it analysed by the application, then an MP4 file spat out as quickly as possible, then the program is perfectly capable of doing that. That’s because no effort has been spared in streamlining the process, enabling you to make it as complex as you like. There are some big wins for Wondershare Uniconverter in terms of how easy it is to use. ![]() Wanting to hit the links after work? Meeting the guys for a round of golf in the morning? Just open the app to check the charge on your 36V golf cart battery. When we say “drop & play”, we really mean it! But 36V golf cart lithium batteries need no maintenance – AT ALL. How many times have you ruined a lead acid battery because you forgot to check its water level? Or have you ever been stranded with dirty, corroded terminals? These scenarios can happen with lead-acid batteries. This ensures a leak-free, environmentally-friendly 36V golf cart battery alternative. Ionic lithium batteries are made from lithium iron phosphate. Lead-acid batteries are made from flat lead plates immersed in diluted sulfuric acid. No more corrosion or leaking accidents from old-fashioned traditional batteries. Speaking of surprises, take them out of the equation. Life is so much smoother when you remove unwelcome surprises. Thanks to this sophisticated technology, you have a wealth of information available right at your fingertips. See your current charge, voltage, current, and how long it will take to juice it back up again. All because your smart 36V golf cart battery comes equipped with Bluetooth. And our Ionic lithium batteries are no exception! With a couple taps on your smartphone, you can access a slew of information. One of the most exciting aspects of buying a new gadget is learning about all the cool new features it comes equipped with. So your cart can handle extra beverages or equipment, and you’ll get better golf cart handling too for that matter. And lithium 36V golf cart batteries are smaller and lighter. ![]() Many limousine-style golf carts use parallel systems like these. Wire two lithium 36V golf cart batteries together and you’re in business. Bank hills and turn corners with ease since your lithium 36V golf cart battery weighs about 50% less.ĭo you have a 72V golf cart set-up? We can handle that, too. Once you drop it in, you’ll swear you’ve sprouted a lead foot. Ionic 36V golf cart lithium batteries weigh significantly less than their lead-acid counterparts. Replace your existing lead acid batteries with lithium batteries – you’ll never go back! More Speed Than Lead Acid Batteries! Plus, our warranty is among the best in the industry. ![]() We’ve built them to last and that’s why we stand behind our batteries. At LithiumHub, we back our 36V golf cart batteries with an impressive 11-year warranty. Save money you would have spent on unnecessary replacements and annoying maintenance for your current 36V golf cart battery. Depending on your driving habits, lithium 36 volt golf cart batteries can bring you power for the life of your cart. Compare that to 500 – 1,000 cycles with traditional batteries. Lithium 36V golf cart batteries will give you roughly 3,000 to 5,000 partial cycles. Then factor in how much longer lithium lasts compared to lead acid. Depending on where you were stranded, a spare battery may not be easy to come by. First, add in the cost of the wasted game you had to stop mid-round. This is definitely a case of being penny-wise and dollar-foolish. Yes, they’re initially more expensive up front, but consider more than the initial sticker price. Maybe it’s time to think about replacing your current battery with a lithium battery. Product Description Get Better Value With Ionic 36 Volt Golf Cart Lithium BatteriesĬan returning to your golf cart after a phenomenal drive be a bad thing? It is if you find your 36V golf cart batteries went kaput. Connect 2-3 lithium batteries in parallel to compensate for hilly or rough terrain. Connect as many as needed in parallel.Compatible with 36V & 72V golf carts (48V golf carts should use a 48V battery).Features include power terminal cut-off and recovery. Built-in Advanced Battery Management System.Plug & Play – drop it in and start using it!.CAN- Display available for %SOC, Voltage, Current readings.Real-time battery status on your cell phone, via our Bluetooth App.Short circuit, low & over voltage protection built-in.Easily add more lithium batteries in parallel at any time to double, triple, or 4x your range.A single 36V 27Ah battery can expect a range up to 8-10 Miles – perfect for a day on the course or getting around the neighborhood.2-4 times the service life of typical lead acid, 3,000 – 5,000 partial cycles. ![]() 50% less weight than lead acid, so more room and more space. ![]() Lets take a look at the different types of places that will cash money orders, from least to most expensive. Those that do often charge a fee, and these fees can vary widely from 50 cents to several dollars. While there are countless banks and stores that sell money orders, finding places that will cash them can be a bit more difficult. Thats good news for you if youve just received a money order, because as long as the money order is legitimate, its about as close as you can come to actually receiving cash.įor those of us who have dealt with the hassle and frustration of being given a check that later bounced, the guaranteed nature of money orders is an attractive perk. In practice, money orders are very similar to checks, with the key difference being that buyers of money orders are required to fully fund them at the time of purchase. The USPS also issues money orders which can be purchased at local post offices but are not sold at third party retailers. Most money orders are issued by one of two companies, Western Union or Moneygram, who, in turn, partner with scores of third party sellers across the United States. In this post, I list 17 best places to get a money order so you know where to go when you need one!Īlso Check: Can An Inherited Ira Be Converted To A Roth How Money Orders Work The problem however is not all of these places offer the best rates on money orders. The good news is there are many other places that offer money orders. ![]() One of the most popular places to get a money order is at a post office.īut it can be a major hassle to get to a post office and then run the risk of there being long lines. Money orders are a popular payment option for people who dont have a checking account. Many of these companies do charge higher fees and will have certain limits on how much you can buy. There are hundreds of those in several cities, and check cashing companies may be the best choice depending on your location. In addition to convenience stores, banks and money transfer agents, you can also buy money orders at your local check cashing company. In addition to the businesses listed below, we contacted Bank of America, Chase, and KeyBank but were told they only cash money orders for account holders. Our list begins with the overall best options based on their location availability, membership restrictions, amount limits, and fees. If you dont have an ID, see our research on how to cash a check without an ID. Keep in mind that any time you cash a money order, youll be asked to provide a valid, government-issued photo ID. How to write or cash a western union money order ![]()
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